Flash Flood Warning

 

Flash Flood Warning

A flash flood warning (SAME code: FFW) is a severe weather alert issued by national weather agencies to inform the public that a flash flood is either imminent or occurring. A flash flood is a sudden, intense flood that can happen after heavy rainfall or, in some cases, after a dam failure. Several factors contribute to flash flooding, including rainfall intensity, the duration of rain, topography, soil conditions, and ground cover.

Flash floods typically occur when heavy rain falls in a specific area, and the water is quickly channeled through streams or narrow valleys. These floods can develop within minutes or hours. It's even possible to experience flash flooding without witnessing rainfall.

Flash Flood Alerts

There are two primary types of flash flood alerts issued by the National Weather Service (NWS):

1. Flash Flood Watch – This indicates that conditions are favorable for flash flooding.
2. Flash Flood Warning – This means that a flash flood is either already occurring or is expected to occur very soon. This warning is often based on strong weather radar signals in areas known to be prone to flash floods.

Flash floods can also be triggered by dam or levee failures, or by a sudden release of water due to an ice jam.

What to Do When Flash Flooding is Imminent:

• Be alert to signs of heavy rain.
• Move to higher ground if you see or hear rapidly rising water.
• Do not attempt to cross flowing water.

Some NWS offices have also introduced an enhanced flash flood warning known as a Flash Flood Emergency, which signifies a severe flooding situation in densely populated areas, similar to a tornado emergency.

Notable instances of Flash Flood Emergencies include:

• August 27, 2017: The NWS issued a Flash Flood Emergency for southeast Texas as Hurricane Harvey brought catastrophic flooding.
• September 10, 2017: A Flash Flood Emergency was issued for southwestern Florida due to life-threatening storm surge from Hurricane Irma.
• February 6, 2020: A Flash Flood Emergency was issued for Tazewell County, Virginia, due to the Clinch River rising to its highest levels in 40 years.
• May 20, 2020: Flash Flood Emergencies were issued for Midland County, Michigan, after multiple dam failures caused catastrophic flooding.
• July 6, 2020: A Flash Flood Emergency was issued for Tacony Creek and Frankford Creek in Pennsylvania due to heavy rain.
• September 2, 2021: The NWS issued the first-ever Flash Flood Emergency for New York City, parts of New Jersey, Connecticut, and Philadelphia, as remnants of Hurricane Ida caused unprecedented rainfall.
• July 28, 2022: Flash Flood Emergencies were declared in eastern Kentucky due to deadly flooding.
• March 27, 2023: A Flash Flood Emergency was issued for a dam break in Spaulding County, Georgia.
• September 27, 2024: Metro Atlanta was hit with catastrophic flooding after Hurricane Helene, triggering a Flash Flood Emergency.
• October 9, 2024: A Flash Flood Emergency was declared for several Florida counties as Hurricane Milton caused life-threatening flooding.

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