World Cancer Day 2025: 10 Most Common Cancers and How to Reduce Your Risk, According to Experts

World Cancer Day 2025: 10 Most Common Cancers and How to Reduce Your Risk, According to Experts

World Cancer Day, observed on February 4th, is a global initiative led by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) to raise awareness, promote prevention, and improve access to cancer treatments. The day emphasizes the importance of early detection, lifestyle adjustments, and medical advances in lessening the impact of cancer. While not all cancers are preventable, many can be avoided with healthy habits, such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, avoiding tobacco, and staying up to date with screenings. Here's a look at the most common cancers and how you can lower your risk.

10 Common Cancers and How to Reduce Risk

1. Breast Cancer
   One of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women, the risk of breast cancer can be reduced by maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, limiting alcohol intake, and undergoing regular mammograms for early detection.

2. Lung Cancer
   Smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer, but exposure to air pollution, secondhand smoke, and radon gas also increase the risk. Dr. Aditi Agarwal, Associate Director of Radiation Oncology at Max Hospital, Saket, recommends avoiding smoking and exposure to harmful occupational elements like asbestos.

3. Colorectal Cancer
   Dr. Agarwal advises limiting saturated fats and red meat, increasing dietary fiber, engaging in moderate exercise, and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle. Routine screenings like colonoscopies can detect early signs, such as precancerous polyps.

4. Prostate Cancer
   More common in older men, prostate cancer risk can be minimized with a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids, regular checkups, and early detection through PSA tests. Dr. Agarwal also suggests maintaining a healthy weight, exercising moderately, and reducing red meat intake.

5. Stomach Cancer
   Risk factors for stomach cancer include infection with H. pylori bacteria, excessive salt intake, and consumption of smoked foods. A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help lower the risk. Dr. Agarwal advises avoiding processed foods, smoked or barbecued foods, and spicy dishes.

6. Liver Cancer
   Hepatitis B and C, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity increase the risk of liver cancer. Vaccination against hepatitis and avoiding excessive alcohol intake are key preventive measures. Dr. Agarwal recommends maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding alcohol, and practicing safe sexual behaviors.

7. Cervical Cancer
   Cervical cancer is primarily caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Reducing the risk includes getting the HPV vaccine, having regular Pap smears, and practicing safe sex. Dr. Agarwal also recommends good hygiene, limiting the number of children, and avoiding early childbirth.

8. Oesophageal Cancer
   Risk factors for oesophageal cancer include acid reflux (GERD), smoking, and excessive alcohol. Maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tobacco and alcohol, and managing acid reflux can help reduce the risk. Dr. Agarwal suggests avoiding spicy foods, smoking, and red meat.

9. Skin Cancer
   Excessive UV exposure is the leading cause of skin cancer (melanoma). To lower your risk, wear sunscreen, avoid tanning beds, and perform regular skin checks. Dr. Agarwal recommends reducing sun and UV exposure to help prevent skin cancer.

10. Pancreatic Cancer
    Smoking, obesity, and chronic pancreatitis are major risk factors for pancreatic cancer. A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with avoiding smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, can help reduce your risk.

While genetics play a role in some cancers, lifestyle changes—such as a nutritious diet, regular exercise, avoiding smoking and alcohol, staying up to date with screenings, and getting vaccinated—can significantly lower cancer risks.

Disclaimer: This content provides general information and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized guidance. NDTV is not responsible for the information provided.

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